Tuesday - work

Below are some theories on creativity.

I would like you to read them very carefully, and begin to respond to each area in turn - linking what you read to your own work OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS. Example in red.

Do this in word - not on your blog.

CREATIVITY  - THEORY

Anthony Storr ‘creativity has been defined as the ability to bring something new into existence’.

With my documentary I have brought plenty of new things into existence, as per Anthony Storr's definition. Although we were documenting reality we were still creating new things: the titles, the sound, the adverts, and even the mis-en-scene.

For example...

’the making of the new and the rearranging of the old.’ (Bentley 1997)

Ken Robinson has identified some Creative Habits of mind

• Creativity - enquiring mind
• Flexibility - lateral thinking and connection making
• Willingness - to think the impossible
• Confidence - to try things out
• Ability - to handle uncertainty - perseverance in adversity
• Self-reflective awareness

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi wrote that the creative process normally takes five steps (Creativity, 1996, p.79):

o    Preparation - becoming immersed in problematic issues that are interesting and arouses curiosity.

o    Incubation - ideas churn around below the threshold of consciousness.

o    Insight - the "Aha!" moment when the puzzle starts to fall together.

o    Evaluation - deciding if the insight is valuable and worth pursuing.

o    Elaboration - translating the insight into its final work.

Spontaneity takes practice Csikszentmihalyi  says that it typically takes someone 10 years of acquiring technical knowledge by immersing themselves in a discipline before they create anything significant. Malcolm Gladwell makes a similar argument in his new book, Outliers – according to Gladwell, the magic number is 10,000 hours of practice.

Csikszentmihalyi : ‘Creative people combine playfulness and discipline, or responsibility and irresponsibility.’

Csikszentmihalyi Divergent thinking involves fluency, or the ability to generate a great quantity of ideas; flexibility, or the ability to switch from one perspective to another; and originality in picking unusual associations of ideas. …Divergent thinking is not much use without the ability to tell a good idea from a bad one, and this selectivity involves convergent thinking.

David Gauntlett has written extensively about creativity and the idea that ‘making is

connecting’. His main argument is that ‘through making things, and

sharing them with others, we feel a greater connection with the world, and more engaged with being more active in the environment rather than sitting back and watching.’

Banaji, Burn & Buckingham have researched into the extent to which technology makes us more creative. They conclude that ‘creativity is not an inevitable consequence of using technology’.

George Steigler (an economist) : In innovation, you have to play a less safe game, if it's going to be interesting. It's not predictable that it'll go well."

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Learning – pushing yourself, taking on challenges – creates a feeling he calls ‘flow’. Flow is a fancy name for being so engrossed, absorbed, rapt by something that time flies and you forget your worries.

Ken Robinson

‘Individual creativity is stimulated by the work, ideas and achievements of other people. We stand on the shoulders of others to see further.’ (11)

‘To promote creativity it is essential to understand the main elements and phases of the creative process including:

-          the importance of the medium;

-          the need to be in control of the medium;

-          the need to play and take risks; and

-          the need for critical judgment

‘Creativity is not only a matter of control; it’s about speculating, exploring new horizons and using imagination.’ (133)

‘As Carl Jung puts it, the creation of something new is not accomplished by the intellect alone but by the play instinct. The creative mind plays with the objects it loves.

Creative activity involves playing with ideas and trying out possibilities. But creative achievement does not always require freedom from constraints or a blank page. Great work often comes from working within formal constraints….The creative achievement and the aesthetic pleasure lie in using standard forms to achieve unique effects and original insights.’ (133)

‘Creativity is not only a process of generating ideas. It involves making judgments about them….creativity is not just a matter of being original, but of producing outcomes that are of value.’ (133)

‘creativity can be inhibited by trying to do too much too soon or at the same time.’ (136)

‘Our best ideas may come to us when we’re not thinking about them…As the writer E.M. Forster said, in the creative state we are taken out of ourselves. We let down a bucket into out subconscious and draw up something that is normally beyond our reach.’ (154)

‘Creativity is incremental. New ideas do not necessarily come from nowhere. They draw from the ideas and achievements of those that have gone before us or are working in different fields….conceiving new ideas is often promoted by knowledge of the achievements of others – by cultural literacy.’ (182)

‘Creativity often comes about by making unusual connections, seeing analogies, identifying relationships between ideas and processes that were previously not related.’ (188)

‘Creativity relies on the flow of ideas. This happens best in an atmosphere where risk is encouraged, playfulness with ideas is accepted and where failure is not punished but seen as part of the process of success.’ (190)